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EXPERIMENT INFORMATION
The measurements include:
- a) renal function tests
b) measurement of extracellular fluid volume and total body water
c) indirect measures of aldosterone secretion rates
d) electrolyte and hormone levels in plasma and urine
e) estimation of central venous pressure by peripheral venous pressure measurement.
-
Preflight
Plasma Volume, Peripheral Venous Pressure (PVP), Endocrine and Biochemistry, Renal Clearance, Extracellular Fluid Volume (ECF), Total Body Water, Body Mass Measurement, Ad Lib Urine Collection, Diet, Fluid and Drug Log
Inflight
Plasma Volume, Endocrine and Biochemistry, Renal Clearance, Extracellular Fluid Volume (ECF), Total Body Water, Body Mass Measurement, Ad Lib Urine Collection, Diet, Fluid and Drug Log, Urine Monitoring System Calibration, Body Mass Measurement Device Calibration
Postflight
Plasma Volume, Peripheral Venous Pressure (PVP), Endocrine and Biochemistry, Renal Clearance, Extracellular Fluid Volume (ECF), Total Body Water, Body Mass Measurement, Ad Lib Urine Collection, Diet, Fluid and Drug Log
The results must be considered preliminary until the data from the SLS-2 mission have been analyzed. Preliminary results do indicate that glomerular filtration rate was elevated during flight, especially on the 8th flight day. A mean change of -4% occurred in total body water within 22 hours of launch. The total body water of most subjects had been reduced at least 2 kg. Plasma volume was 22% lower than it was before flight, and extracellular fluid volume was 15% below preflight volume. These body fluid volumes were still reduced on the 8th flight day. Fluid intake and urine volume decreased sharply from preflight values during that time, and the mean intake remained at least 20% below preflight values throughout the mission. Urine volume was highly variable but usually below preflight values. Urinary ADH was markedly increased on the 1st flight day, but plasma and urinary ADH were usually at or below preflight values. Diuresis relative to fluid intake did not occur during flight. The difference between sodium intake and urinary excretion were observed during flight, but mean serum sodium was at least 0.5% reduced. Plasma levels of aldosterone were reduced 60% and 28% below preflight levels on the 1st and 8th flight days, respectively. ANP was reduced 22% and 60% below preflight levels on the 1st and 8th flight days, respectively. Cortisol levels increased during flight. Excretion of the aldosterone metabolite tetrahydroaldosterone, which has not been measured in astronauts before, indicated that plasma and urinary aldosterone measurements reflected secretion of the hormone. Decreased secretion of aldosterone corresponded with reduction of urinary potassium and elevation of serum potassium. The difference between potassium intake and urinary excretion of potassium was 191% more negative on the 1st flight day and only 38% greater on the 2nd flight day than it was during the preflight period. During most of the flight, this difference was more negative than it was before flight, yet serum potassium remained at least 20% elevated. Mean plasma and urinary norepinephrine levels were reduced 17% or more at all measurement times. Urinary epinephrine decreased 80% between the 1st and 2nd flight days, then gradually increased to its 1st flight day level through a series of increases and decreases.
Blood and urine levels of most of the variables measured were altered early in space flight, but the dynamic phase of physiologic response appeared to be prolonged for hematocrit, serum osmolality and sodium, epinephrine, angiotensin I and cortisol. Some variables that were altered early remained above or below preflight levels on the 8th flight day, but spaceflight-induced changes in other variables appeared to be transient. These were probably related to the initial fluid redistribution. The different variables exhibited different rates of readaptation to Earth's gravity.
Leach CS and PC Rambaut. Biochemical responses of Skylab crewmen: an overview. Biomedical Results from Skylab.: 204-216, NASA SP-377, 1977.
Leach CS, PC Johnson, NM Cintron. The regulation of fluid and electrolyte metabolism in weightlessness. Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on Space Physiology. Toulouse France, 20-22 Nov.:31-36, ESA SP-237, 1985.
Leach CS, Alfrey CP, Suki WN, Leonard JI, Rambaut PC, Inners LD et al. Regulation of body fluid compartments during short-term spaceflight. J Appl Physiol, 1996.[
]
+ Experiment Document E192; Fluid-Electrolyte Regulation During Spaceflight
(LS-20052)+ Experiment Requirements Document for Fluid-electrolyte Regulation During Spaceflight (LS-20029)
+ SLS-1 JSC Payload Project Functional Test - E192 Body Mass Measurement Device Sub-Procedure For Assembly (LS-50108-7.2)
+ SLS-1 JSC Payload Project Functional Test E192 Centrifuge Sub-Procedure For Assembly And Test (LS-50108-7.1)
24 Hour urine volume
Acetylcholinesterase (ACE)
Acetylcholinesterase (ACE)
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
++ -- Measurements Continue
Aldosterone
Aldosterone
Alpha 1 globulin
Alpha 2 globulin
Angiotensin I
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Beta globulin
Blood debris
Blood draw time
Blood draw volumes
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Body mass
Calcium
Calcium
Chloride
Chloride
Complete blood count (CBC)
Cortisol
Cortisol
Cyclic GMP (CGMP)
Dietary intake, calcium
Dietary intake, kilocalories
Dietary intake, phosphorus
Dietary intake, potassium
Dietary intake, protein
Dietary intake, sodium
Dietary intake, water
Drug usage and dosage
Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF)
Epinephrine
Epinephrine
Extracellular fluid volume (ECF)
Gamma globulin
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Hematocrit
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine
Osmolality
Osmolality
Peripheral venous pressure
Phosphorus
Plasma volume
Potassium
Potassium
Protein
Sodium
Sodium
Total body water
Urine void times
Urine volume
Project Manager: Mary A. Fitts
E192
Metabolism and nutrition
Renal, fluid and electrolyte physiology
+ Blood Holding Kit (Freezer)
+ Blood Holding Kit (Refrigerator)
+ Body Mass Measurement Device (BMMD)
+ Hematocrit Minicentrifuge
+ Inflight Blood Collection System (IBCS)
+ Life Sciences Laboratory Equipment (LSLE) Refrigerator / Freezer
+ Orbiter Refrigerator / Freezer (OR/F)
+ Peripheral Venous Pressure Device
+ Pocket Voice Recorder
+ Rack Mounted Centrifuge
+ Saliva Collection Kit
+ Tracer Kit
+ Urine Monitoring System (UMS)