EXPERIMENT INFORMATION
Radiation Dosimetry and Spectrometry: Passive Systems (8809A18)
Species Studied
Scientific Name: Not applicable Species: Not applicable
Objectives:This experiment measured radiation under five conditions: 1) depth dose under very thin shielding on the outside of the spacecraft; 2) low energy, heavy particle LET spectra under very low shielding (outside the spacecraft); 3) the neutron spectra inside and outside the spacecraft; 4) high energy (> 1 MeV) neutron fluxes and dose equivalent rates averaged over mission duration ( 0.2 eV) and resonance (0.2 eV < E < 1 MeV) neutron fluxes and dose equivalent rates over mission duration.
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Approach:
The Cosmos 2044 biosatellite mission offered the opportunity for radiation measurements under conditions which are seldom available (an inclination of 82.3 degrees and altitude of 294 x 216 km). Measurements were made on the outside of the spacecraft under near-zero shielding conditions. Also, this mission was the first in which temperature recorders (ATR-4) were flown to record the temperature profiles of detector stacks. As in previous experiments, plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs), thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs), and nuclear emulsion stacks were used. Also neutron monitors of 59Co activation foils, fission foil high energy detectors, and 6LiF low energy detectors were used.
Results:
The TLD depth dose results show a greater spread in dose rates as compared with Cosmos 1887, with a greater maximum (minimum shielding) and lesser minimum (maximum shielding). This is explained by the fact that the higher inclination, lower altitude orbit intersected greater electron fluxes at high latitudes in the horns of the electron belt, but lesser trapped proton fluxes in passing beneath the South Atlantic Anomaly. The PNTDs measured a smaller flux of particles with LET >4 keV*m-1 on Cosmos 2044, which is consistent with the TLD results. The measured neutron fluxes, outside the spacecraft, were smaller by factors of up to two from previous measurements made inside the Cosmos spacecraft. Total absorbed dose rates varied from 2.5 x 105 to 8.3 mrad d-1 under shielding of 0.0146 to 3.20 g/cm-2 LiF. For particles with LET >4 keV *m-1, dose rates varied from 7.01 mrad d-1 (53.8 mrem d-1) to 1.20 mrad d-1 (12.3 mrem d-1) under shielding of 0.164 to 1.95 g/cm-1 composite materials.
Benton, E.V. et al.: Radiation Experiments on Cosmos 2044. Final Reports of the U.S. Experiments Flown on the Soviet Biosatellite Cosmos 2044. Vol. 2. J.P. Connolly, R.E. Grindeland, and R.W. Ballard, eds., NASA TM-108802, 1994, pp. 389-424.
Dudkin, V.E. et al.: Cosmic Ray LET Spectra and Doses Onboard Cosmos-2044 Biosatellite. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, vol. 20, no. 1, 1992, pp. 149-155.
Dudkin, V.E. et al.: Neutron Fluences and Energy Spectra in the Cosmos-2044 Biosatellite Orbit. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, vol. 20, no. 1, 1992, pp. 139-141.
Marennyi, A.M. et al.: Cosmic Ray Particles with Different LET Values Under Various Thicknesses of Shielding in Low Altitude Orbits: Calculations and Cosmos-2044 Measurements. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, vol. 20, no. 1, 1992, pp. 157-160.
Cosmic radiation
Film dosimetry
Linear energy transfer (LET)
Neutrons
Radiation monitoring
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Data Availability
Archive is complete. No data sets are available for this experiment. Please
Contact LSDA if you know of available data for this investigation.
Radiation, High-energy neutrons, Detectors, nuclear emulsion stacks, 59Co activation foils, Measurement
Radiation, HZE particles, Detectors, plastic nuclear track (PNTDs, for high linear energy transfer [LET] particles), thermoluminescent (TLDs, for total dose of charged particles and gamma rays), Measurement
Radiation, Linear energy transfer (LET), Detectors, plastic nuclear track detector (PNTD) stacks, Measurement, spectra
Radiation, Neutron dose, Detectors, fission-foil , nuclear emulsion stacks, 59Co activation foils, Measurement
Radiation, shielding, Cosmos, internal, external, Plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs), thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs), nuclear emulsion stacks
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Radiation, tracks, Cosmos, internal, external, Plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTDs)
Mission/Study Information
Mission
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Launch/Start Date
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Landing/End Date
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Duration
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Cosmos 2044
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09/15/1989
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09/29/1989
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14 days
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Managing NASA Center
Ames Research Center (ARC)
Responsible NASA Representative
Ames Research Center LSDA Level 3
Project Manager: Sylvain Costes
Institutional Support
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Alternate Experiment Name
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